You use your fingernails daily. However, you likely take it for granted that your fingernails have certain characteristics which make them useful. Nails are great for scraping, scratching, picking, prying, gripping, sorting, and even adornment. All is well until our nail health begins declining. One of the most common types of nail abnormalities is brittleness. The resulting changes in the fingernails are often referred to as brittle nail syndrome.
Nail Brittleness
What is Brittle Nail Syndrome?
Dermatologists characterize brittle nail syndrome as a range of nail abnormalities that increase the fragility of the nail plate. While it is possible for men to suffer from brittle nails, studies show that women are twice as likely to suffer from brittle nail syndrome. Many individuals with brittle nails describe the nail abnormalities as painful, and a hindrance to daily or occupational activities.
Clinical features of brittle nail syndrome include onychoschizia and onychorrhexis. Onychorrhexis is a condition that causes splitting as well as vertical ridges to form in your nails. Conversely, onychoschizia is a condition that causes horizontal splits within an individual’s nail plate.
Brittle Nail Syndrome Causes
Brittle nail syndrome can have numerous potential causes. In most cases, it is hard to pinpoint one exclusive factor that causes brittle nail syndrome. While most patients who suffer from brittle nail syndrome are older than 60, there are a handful of other factors that affect nail health.
Dry skin, especially the nail folds at the fingertips can cause thinning of the nails and brittle nail syndrome. Frequent wetting and drying of your hands can lead to dry, brittle fingernails. Chemical agents such as detergents, or cleaning supplies used at home and in the workplace can cause similar problems. While nail polish itself is usually not problematic, acetone-containing nail polish removers can cause skin and nail tissues to dry out.
Other causes of brittle nails
Anemia (Iron Deficiency)
Iron deficiency can show itself through brittle, or spoon-shaped nails known as koilonychia. For individuals suffering from an iron deficiency, iron supplements or iron-rich foods can help restore nail health. Examples of iron-rich foods include lean meats, beans, and spinach.
Thyroid Disorders
Extreme fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss are all symptoms of hypothyroidism. However, if your nails are splitting, this could be a sign of a thyroid disorder. As a result of a decrease in thyroid hormones, the body slows down, causing slow-growing, brittle nails.
Raynaud’s Syndrome
Raynaud’s syndrome is a disease that causes decreased blood flow to your fingers and other parts of your body. Due to your fingers not getting enough blood flow, fingernail health may suffer.
Certain diseases of the skin and nails may also cause brittleness in the nails. Skin and nail diseases that can cause brittle nail syndrome include:
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Nail Fungus
With brittle fingernails, we tend to see several changes in the nails. Nails become thinner and tend to fray, which causes the tip of the finger to split easier. In some cases, a person’s nails might peel off in scales or flakes. When nail health is suffering, typical everyday tasks done with your hands can become more difficult.
When to See a Dermatologist
Sometimes brittle nails are more than just a cosmetic issue. If you notice signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or tenderness around the nails or if your nails begin lifting, developing dark streaks, or showing unusual changes in color or texture, it’s time to seek professional care.
Certain health conditions can also contribute to brittle nails. Thyroid disorders, iron deficiency anemia, and Raynaud’s syndrome are a few examples where medical treatment may be necessary to improve nail health.
At Advanced Dermatology of the Midlands, our team can evaluate your nails, identify any underlying causes, and recommend stronger, more targeted treatments if needed. From prescription-strength moisturizers to addressing systemic conditions, we’re here to help your nails recover.
Brittle Nail Treatment and Home Remedies
Brittle nail syndrome can lead to changes that are not only cosmetic but also frustrating for day-to-day activities. The good news? With the right care, it’s possible to improve the health and appearance of your nails. Just keep in mind, restoring nail strength takes time and consistency.
Our dermatologists recommend addressing any underlying skin or nail conditions first. From there, these practical steps can help strengthen brittle nails and prevent further damage:
- Add Biotin to Your Routine
Biotin, a B vitamin, has been shown to help strengthen brittle nails over time. Over-the-counter supplements are widely available but results often take several months of consistent use.
Biotin supplementation: Research shows 2.5mg daily biotin improves nail firmness and thickness in 63-91% of patients with brittle nails. Studies demonstrate a 25% increase in nail thickness after 6 months of supplementation. - Moisturize Often
Regular moisturizing can make a big difference. Choose rich creams or ointments with lanolin, shea butter, or alpha-hydroxy acids. Apply after handwashing or soaking your nails to lock in hydration. For an extra boost, massage the moisturizer into your nail beds and cuticles. - Be Gentle with Nail Care
Trim nails regularly and keep them short to reduce snagging and breakage. It’s best to trim after bathing when nails are softer. File gently in one direction rather than using a back-and-forth motion, which can cause more splitting. - Protect Your Hands
Wear cotton-lined rubber gloves when cleaning, gardening, or exposing your hands to water or harsh chemicals. Repeated wetting and drying are major culprits in nail brittleness. - Use Nail Products Cautiously
A layer of clear nail polish can add protection but avoid acetone-based removers that dry out nails. Look for non-acetone alternatives to minimize damage. - Limit Exposure to Irritants
Minimize handwashing where possible and steer clear of drying agents like hand sanitizers or harsh cleaning products. - Avoid Nail Trauma
Everyday habits like tapping, picking, or using your nails as tools can weaken them over time. Try to be mindful and give your nails a break.
By incorporating these habits into your routine, you can support healthier, stronger nails—and make them less prone to splitting or peeling.
When to Schedule a Dermatology Consultation
See a specialist if you experience:
- Brittle nails accompanied by fatigue or hair loss (possible thyroid/anemia)
- No improvement after 3 months of aggressive home treatment
- Nails that are painful or interfering with daily activities
- Signs of nail infection or unusual discoloration
- Sudden onset of severe nail brittleness
Additional Reading:
Splitting Fingertips – Skin Fissures
Nails Diseases (National Library of Medicine)
Advanced Dermatology of the Midlands | Best Dermatologist Omaha & Council Bluffs, IA | Board Certified Dermatologists
At Advanced Dermatology the Midlands Our vision is to deliver the highest level of dermatological care, using the most advanced technology and evidence-based medicine in a personalized and compassionate environment. Contact us to schedule a consultation. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
